Researchers at Yale identified 15,792 and 35,071 cancer cases in 195,229 women and 288,109 men, respectively from 1995 to 2003. Fruit intake was not associated with the risk of total cancer among women or men. Vegetable intake was not associated with risk of total cancer among women, but was associated with a significant 6% decrease in risk in men. This significant finding among men was no longer evident when we limited the analysis to men who never smoked. Intake of fruit and vegetables was generally unrelated to total cancer incidence in this huge cohort. Confounding by smoking is a likely explanation for the observed association between vegetable intake and cancer in men.